{"id":9679,"date":"2016-01-30T11:00:57","date_gmt":"2016-01-30T11:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=9679"},"modified":"2016-11-30T11:22:44","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T11:22:44","slug":"peche-les-mots-pour-le-dire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/?p=9679","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e9ch\u00e9 : les mots pour le dire"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">P\u00e9ch\u00e9 : les mots pour le dire<sub>1<\/sub><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Par Robert Souza<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9304 alignnone\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Souza.jpg\" alt=\"Souza\" width=\"138\" height=\"146\" hspace=\"10\" vspace=\"10\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 align=\"LEFT\"><em>Dans l\u2019Ancien Testament<\/em><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Si l\u2019on en croit les sp\u00e9cialistes, l\u2019h\u00e9breu biblique dispose d\u2019une bonne cinquantaine de termes ayant quelque rapport avec le th\u00e8me du p\u00e9ch\u00e9 ! Il existe donc un vaste domaine de recherches pour ceux qui d\u00e9sirent approfondir la question. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i><strong><em><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/pdf2016\/Servir 1-2016 - le p\u00e9ch\u00e9.pdf#page=8\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"iconePDF\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/iconePDF.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"76\" align=\"right\" hspace=\"8\" vspace=\"8\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/i>Il n\u2019est pas rare de trouver les trois termes principaux dans une m\u00eame phrase. Par exemple, <span style=\"background-color: #ccffff;\"><em>Daniel 9.24<\/em><\/span> : <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>crimes, <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>transgression, r\u00e9volte contre Dieu<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>p\u00e9ch\u00e9s <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">et <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>faute <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>Colombe, NBS, Semeur 2015<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">) ; <em><span style=\"background-color: #ccffff;\">Exode 34.7<\/span><\/em> : <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>la faute, le crime <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>la transgression<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>et le p\u00e9ch\u00e9. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Le mot le plus souvent traduit par <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>p\u00e9ch\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(environ 600 occurrences en comptant les mots d\u00e9riv\u00e9s, de m\u00eame racine) ne s\u2019est pas trop \u00e9loign\u00e9 de son \u00e9tymologie qui \u00e9voque l\u2019image de manquer la cible. Il peut exprimer des notions d\u2019\u00e9chec, de manquement par rapport \u00e0 la norme (ce qui le rapproche de l\u2019<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>impuret\u00e9<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">), de ratage, de tort commis\u2026 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Un second terme est rendu, dans les <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">traductions r\u00e9centes, par <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>faute, perversit\u00e9, culpabilit\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(c\u2019est <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>l\u2019iniquit\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">de la version <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>Segond<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">). Il d\u00e9rive d\u2019une racine qui \u00e9voque ce qui est tordu ou courb\u00e9 et peut donc faire penser \u00e0 ce qui n\u2019est pas droit, \u00e0 la perversion, ou au poids de la culpabilit\u00e9 qui fait courber le dos du p\u00e9cheur. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Moins fr\u00e9quent, mais \u00e9galement important, est le mot qui est traduit par <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>transgression, r\u00e9bellion, r\u00e9volte<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">. On peut parler de crime contre l\u2019autorit\u00e9. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Parmi les tr\u00e8s nombreux autres termes servant \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser le p\u00e9ch\u00e9, on peut mentionner ceux qui \u00e9voquent <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>le m\u00e9chant, l\u2019impie, la personne sans foi ni loi <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">; la <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>folie <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">ou la <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>stupidit\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">du moqueur ; <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>la fraude, la vanit\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">et <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>le mensonge <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">dans le contexte de l\u2019idol\u00e2trie. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 align=\"LEFT\"><em>Dans le Nouveau Testament<\/em><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Ici, le vocabulaire qui nous int\u00e9resse est beaucoup plus restreint. Parmi les mots disponibles dans le grec du Ier si\u00e8cle, les auteurs du Nouveau Testament ont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>hamartia <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">qui correspond (jusque dans son \u00e9tymologie) au premier terme \u00e9voqu\u00e9 ci-dessus. Ils ont adopt\u00e9 ce mot et en ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 l\u2019usage pour exprimer leur vision chr\u00e9tienne du p\u00e9ch\u00e9, h\u00e9rit\u00e9e d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, mais \u00e9clair\u00e9e et pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9vangile de la gr\u00e2ce. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">J\u00e9sus lui-m\u00eame a repris \u00e0 son compte une autre notion courante dans le juda\u00efsme de l\u2019\u00e9poque, celle du p\u00e9ch\u00e9 comme <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>dette. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">Il faut \u00e9galement mentionner le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 vu comme <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>injustice <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>adikia<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">), comme <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>rejet de la loi <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>anomia<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">), comme <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>impi\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">ou <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>rejet de Dieu <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>asebeia<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">) ou, encore, comme <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>transgression <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(franchissement de la \u00ab ligne jaune \u00bb) ou <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>chute. <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">(Il existe aussi, bien \u00e9videmment, toute une gamme de mots pour d\u00e9signer des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s particuliers : vol, meurtre, adult\u00e8re, etc.)<\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">NOTES<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20; font-size: small;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> Pour aller plus loin : <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>Dictionnaire de Th\u00e9ologie biblique<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">, article de H. Blocher (p.803) et bibliographie (p.811), <\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\"><i>Excelsis <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #1b1c20;\">2006 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00e9ch\u00e9 : les mots pour le dire1 &nbsp; &nbsp; Par Robert Souza Dans l\u2019Ancien Testament \u00a0 Si l\u2019on en croit les sp\u00e9cialistes, l\u2019h\u00e9breu biblique dispose d\u2019une bonne cinquantaine de termes ayant quelque rapport avec le th\u00e8me du p\u00e9ch\u00e9 ! Il existe donc un vaste domaine de recherches pour ceux qui d\u00e9sirent approfondir la question. \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,32,74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lancien-testament","category-le-nouveau-testament","category-peche"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9679\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.servir.caef.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}